A pumping test is a method used in hydrogeology to determine the hydraulic properties of an aquifer, such as its permeability, storativity, and transmissivity. During a pumping test, water is pumped out of a well at a constant rate, and changes in water levels in the pumping well and nearby observation wells are measured over time. These measurements are used to analyze how the aquifer responds to pumping and to estimate its properties, which are important for understanding the flow of groundwater in the subsurface. Pumping tests are commonly used in groundwater resource management, environmental site assessments, and the design of water supply systems.